Meiofauna refers to a diverse group of microscopic organisms that inhabit the spaces between sediment particles in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. The term "meiofauna" is derived from the Greek words "meio-", meaning small or middle, and "fauna," referring to animal life. These organisms are small in size, typically less than 1 millimeter in length, and are considered an intermediate group between macrofauna (larger animals) and microfauna (microscopic organisms).
The meiofauna community comprises various taxonomic groups, including nematodes, copepods, turbellarians, and small crustaceans. Some meiofauna species have adapted to specific niches within sediment habitats, such as living on the surface or within the sediment itself. They play a crucial role in the food web and ecosystem functioning, as they are primary consumers, decomposers, and prey for larger organisms.
Meiofauna are of great ecological importance due to their abundance and diversity. They contribute to nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and sediment stabilization. Additionally, their distribution and composition can serve as indicators of environmental health and habitat quality. Meiofauna communities are influenced by physical and chemical factors, including temperature, oxygen levels, sediment composition, and organic input.
As microscopic organisms, meiofauna are essential components of benthic ecosystems, supporting the overall health and functioning of aquatic and terrestrial environments. They represent a crucial link between the micro and macro animal communities, playing a key role in the ecological balance and sustainability of ecosystems worldwide.
