Mediterranean Spotted Fever, also known as boutonneuse fever or rickettsiosis, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium, Rickettsia conorii. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, particularly the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), which is commonly found in Mediterranean regions.
Symptoms of Mediterranean Spotted Fever typically appear within 5 to 7 days after infection and may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash. The rash usually starts as a small red spot at the site of the tick bite and gradually spreads to other parts of the body, often appearing as dark spots or bumps.
The disease is prevalent in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, but can also be found in other parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. People who engage in outdoor activities or reside in areas with a high tick population are at increased risk of contracting this fever.
Diagnosis is usually made based on the patient's clinical symptoms, the presence of a recent tick bite, and confirmed through laboratory tests, such as serological tests or polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Treatment primarily involves the administration of antibiotics, such as doxycycline, which is highly effective in combating Rickettsia bacteria. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are vital to prevent complications, such as organ damage or a severe form of the disease known as malignant Mediterranean Spotted Fever, which can be life-threatening.
Preventive measures include the use of insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, regular tick checks, and proper tick removal techniques to reduce the risk of infection.
