Mediterranean lymphoma, also known as Mediterranean lymphoma-like reactive lymphadenopathy or pseudo-lymphoma, is a rare and specific type of lymph node disorder that mainly affects the lymphatic system within the Mediterranean basin. This condition is characterized by the presence of enlarged lymph nodes, causing localized swelling and pain in affected individuals.
The term "Mediterranean lymphoma" is used to describe its unique geographical association, as it most commonly occurs among individuals living in or originating from countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, such as Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey. However, it can also be observed in individuals of Mediterranean descent residing in other regions.
The exact cause of Mediterranean lymphoma is currently unknown, but several factors, including genetic susceptibility and viral infections, may play a role in its development. It primarily affects young adults and typically presents with symptoms such as painless enlargement of lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. In most cases, the disease follows a benign and self-limiting course, with spontaneous regression of lymph node swelling occurring over time.
Diagnosis of Mediterranean lymphoma often involves careful examination of the clinical history, physical examination, and biopsy of the affected lymph nodes to differentiate it from other lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas. Treatment options are generally unnecessary, as the condition tends to resolve on its own. However, in certain cases, symptomatic relief can be achieved through the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or localized radiation therapy.
To conclude, Mediterranean lymphoma is a distinctive lymph node disorder predominantly affecting individuals from the Mediterranean region, characterized by benign and self-resolving lymph node enlargement.
