Median neuropathy, also referred to as median nerve entrapment or carpal tunnel syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by the compression or irritation of the median nerve in the wrist. The median nerve, one of the major nerves in the arm, travels from the forearm to the hand, passing through a narrow passage in the wrist called the carpal tunnel. When the median nerve becomes compressed or squeezed within the carpal tunnel, it can result in various symptoms and impairments.
Typically, individuals with median neuropathy experience pain, tingling, numbness, or a combination of these sensations in the palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. These symptoms often occur during activities that involve repetitive wrist movements or prolonged wrist flexion. In severe cases, muscle weakness and atrophy may be observed.
Various factors can contribute to the development of median neuropathy, such as repetitive hand movements, wrist fractures, hormonal changes during pregnancy, obesity, arthritis, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. Diagnosis of median neuropathy is usually based on evaluation of symptoms, physical examination, and sometimes electrodiagnostic tests.
Treatment for median neuropathy involves relieving the pressure on the median nerve and reducing inflammation in the carpal tunnel. Initially, conservative measures such as wrist splints, activity modification, and corticosteroid injections may be recommended. If conservative treatments do not provide sufficient relief, surgery, known as carpal tunnel release, may be undertaken to alleviate pressure on the median nerve.
Overall, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of median neuropathy are crucial in order to alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term nerve damage.
