Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious and acute viral infection that primarily affects children, causing a distinctive rash along with other flu-like symptoms. It is caused by the measles virus, which is transmitted through respiratory droplets from an infected person's coughs or sneezes.
The disease begins with a prodromal phase lasting 10 to 14 days, during which the infected person often experiences fever, cough, runny nose, red or watery eyes, and a general feeling of malaise. After this phase, characteristic red spots with tiny white specks develop inside the mouth, followed by a widespread red rash that starts on the face and gradually spreads to other parts of the body. Measles can cause complications such as pneumonia, ear infections, encephalitis, and in severe cases, may even be fatal.
The measles virus primarily targets the immune system, compromising a person's ability to fight off infections. Vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective in preventing the disease. The vaccine is typically administered in two doses during childhood, providing long-lasting protection against measles. However, in countries with low vaccination rates, measles outbreaks can still occur, posing a significant public health threat.
Prompt medical attention, isolation, and supportive care are crucial in managing measles cases. Antiviral medications may be prescribed in severe cases, and individuals with measles should stay away from others to prevent further transmission. Vaccination remains the most effective method to maintain herd immunity and eliminate measles as a public health concern.
