March fractures, also known as fatigue fractures or stress fractures of the metatarsal bones, are a type of injury that occurs due to repetitive stress or overuse of the feet. Specifically, these fractures typically affect the second and third metatarsal bones, although they can occur in other metatarsals as well.
The name "March fractures" originated from military personnel who frequently experienced this type of injury during long marches or extended periods of physical training. However, they can affect individuals engaged in other activities that involve repetitive impact on the feet, such as running, ballet, or high-impact sports.
March fractures usually result from the accumulation of micro-traumas to the metatarsal bones. These repetitive forces put excessive stress on the bones, causing tiny cracks to form. Common symptoms of such fractures include localized pain, tenderness, swelling, and possibly bruising around the affected area. Pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest.
Diagnosis of March fractures typically involves a physical examination, along with imaging tests such as X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options for March fractures generally involve rest, immobilization with a walking boot or cast, and sometimes the use of crutches to relieve weight-bearing forces on the feet. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen to prevent potential complications, such as complete fractures or chronic pain. Additionally, proper footwear, gradual progression of physical activity, and incorporating appropriate rest periods can help prevent the occurrence of March fractures.
