The spelling of the word "marathon dance" is determined by its pronunciation. In IPA phonetic transcription, the word is written as /ˈmær.ə.θɒn dæns/. The first part "marathon" is pronounced with stress on the second syllable and the final "o" is replaced with "a". The second part "dance" is pronounced with a soft "a" and stress on the first syllable. A marathon dance is a social event where participants dance continuously for hours or days, testing their endurance and stamina.
A marathon dance refers to an endurance competition in which participants continuously dance for an extended period of time, often for several days or weeks. Originating in the early 20th century, this phenomenon gained popularity during the Great Depression when individuals sought opportunities to earn money and escape their economic hardships. The central element of a marathon dance is the demand for participants to remain on their feet, moving and grooving, until only one couple or individual stands. This often requires exceptional stamina, perseverance, and determination.
Marathon dances typically take place in designated venues, such as ballrooms or dance halls, with strict rules and regulations. Participants, typically referred to as "dancers," are not permitted to sleep, sit, or completely stop moving throughout the event. Short breaks for eating, refreshing, and utilizing bathroom facilities are usually allowed.
In addition to the physical challenges, marathon dances are also competitive events where dancers can win cash prizes or other incentives. Sometimes, audience members are also involved by paying an admission fee to spectate the dance or to sponsor their favorite dancers.
While marathon dances were initially popularized during the Great Depression, they still occasionally occur today, often as nostalgic or cultural events. In contemporary settings, the competition aspect is generally toned down, and the focus is more on celebrating the history and spirit of endurance displayed by the dancers.
The word "marathon dance" has its origin in the Greek city of Marathon and its renowned historical event—the Battle of Marathon. In 490 BCE, this battle took place between the Greek city-states, led by Athens, and the Persian Empire. The Greek army, despite being heavily outnumbered, managed to defeat the Persians and secure a significant victory.
After the battle, tradition holds that a messenger named Pheidippides ran all the way from Marathon to Athens, approximately 26.2 miles (the distance of a modern marathon), to deliver news of the victory. According to the ancient historian Herodotus, Pheidippides proclaimed "Joy, we win"! upon arrival in Athens before collapsing and dying from exhaustion.
The idea of enduring a long, arduous physical challenge emerged from this story. In the 1920s and 1930s, dance marathons became a popular phenomenon in the United States.