The manual alphabet is a way of communicating using hand shapes and movements, typically used by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Its spelling can be broken down into individual phonemes, each represented by a specific combination of letters. In IPA phonetic transcription, the word "manual" is spelled /'mænjuəl/ and "alphabet" is spelled /'ælfəbɛt/. Together, the word is pronounced as /'mænjuəl 'ælfəbɛt/ with the stress on the first syllable of each word.
A manual alphabet refers to a system of hand gestures or signs used to represent letters or words in a manual or visual form of communication, predominantly utilized by individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. It serves as a means to facilitate communication and is particularly essential in sign languages or other forms of manual communication.
The manual alphabet employs a series of predetermined handshapes, finger positions, and movements, which correspond to specific letters, numbers, and sometimes even words. Each sign in the manual alphabet represents a phoneme or a phonetic sound, enabling individuals to spell out words, names, or convey specific concepts when necessary.
Manual alphabets may vary depending on the region or country in which they are used. For instance, American Sign Language (ASL) employs a manual alphabet known as the American Manual Alphabet (AMA) or Fingerspelling. This system incorporates 26 different handshapes depicting each letter of the English alphabet. Similarly, British Sign Language (BSL) has its own manual alphabet distinct from ASL.
The manual alphabet plays a fundamental role in communication for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, not only enabling them to spell words but also facilitating the acquisition and use of sign languages. It serves as a visual representation of spoken language, allowing deaf individuals to participate in conversations, communicate their thoughts, and have access to information in a manner that bridges the gap between the hearing and non-hearing world.
The word "manual" is derived from the Latin term "manualis", meaning "of the hand". It comes from the root word "manus", which means "hand" in Latin. The term "alphabet" originated from the Late Latin word "alphabetum", which came from the Greek word "alphábētos". The Greek term was further derived from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, "alpha" and "beta". Therefore, the etymology of the phrase "manual alphabet" refers to a system of hand gestures used to represent letters of the alphabet.