MANTOUX TEST Meaning and
Definition
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The Mantoux Test, also known as the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is a medical diagnostic procedure used to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which causes tuberculosis (TB) infection. It is named after the French physician Charles Mantoux, who developed the test in the early 20th century.
The Mantoux Test involves injecting a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tuberculosis bacteria just beneath the skin, usually in the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, a healthcare professional examines the injection site to determine the reaction. A positive reaction is observed as a raised, red bump at the injection site, known as an induration.
The size of the induration is measured in millimeters and helps indicate the likelihood of tuberculosis infection. Various criteria are used to interpret the results based on individual risk factors, including exposure to TB, recent travel to high-risk areas, and immunocompromised status.
The Mantoux Test is commonly used as a preliminary screening tool in countries with a high prevalence of TB. A positive Mantoux Test does not confirm active tuberculosis disease but suggests that the individual has been exposed to the bacteria and may have a latent TB infection. Further evaluation through medical history, chest x-rays, and other laboratory tests is necessary to confirm active TB disease.
It is important to note that while the Mantoux Test is widely used, it has limitations. False negatives can occur, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems or those recently infected with TB. Additionally, false positives can result from prior BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination or exposure to other mycobacterial species. Therefore, the Mantoux Test should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of tuberculosis infection.
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Etymology of MANTOUX TEST
The word "Mantoux" refers to Charles Mantoux, a French physician who developed the tuberculosis (TB) skin test in the early 20th century. Charles Mantoux conducted extensive research on the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis. He designed the intradermal test that is now commonly known as the "Mantoux test" or "Mantoux tuberculin skin test". This test is used to detect the presence of tuberculosis infection in individuals.
