Pronunciation: [mandˈɪbjʊlə sˈɛkənd pɹiːmˈə͡ʊlə] (IPA) 
The word "mandibular second premolar" is spelled as /mændɪbjələr/ /sɛkənd/ /priːˈməʊlə/. In IPA, the "m" is pronounced as /m/, the "a" as /æ/, the "n" as /n/, the "d" as /d/, the "i" as /ɪ/, "b" as /b/, "u" as /ə/, "l" as /l/, "a" as /ər/, "s" as /s/, "e" as /ɛ/, "k" as /k/, "o" as /ʊ/, "nd" as /nd/, "p" as /p/, "r" as /r/, "e" as /iː/, "m" as /m/, "o"
The mandibular second premolar is a specific tooth in the human dentition found in the lower jaw, or mandible. It is located posteriorly to the canine tooth and anteriorly to the mandibular first molar. The mandibular second premolar is situated between the first premolar and the second molar.
This tooth is characterized by having one root and a generally sharper and more pointed crown compared to the adjacent premolars. It usually has two cusps that serve to facilitate chewing and grinding of food. These cusps are referred to as the buccal cusp and the lingual cusp.
The mandibular second premolar appears in the permanent dentition after the primary second molar falls out. It typically erupts around the ages of 10 to 12 years old. The tooth is classified with the Universal Numbering System as tooth #45 in the permanent dentition.
Despite its smaller size compared to neighboring molars, the mandibular second premolar plays a crucial role in the overall dental functionality. It assists in food processing by cutting and crushing the food particles, which aids in the initial stages of digestion. Additionally, it helps in maintaining proper occlusion and alignment of the teeth within the mandible, contributing to a healthy bite and overall oral health.
