Mallory-Weiss syndrome, also known as Mallory-Weiss tear, is a medical condition characterized by a tear or laceration that occurs in the lining of the junction between the esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach) and the stomach. This syndrome is named after two physicians, Kenneth Mallory, and Soma Weiss, who first described this condition in the 1920s.
The tear in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract is often caused by severe or forceful vomiting, retching, or excessive coughing. It is most commonly associated with alcohol abuse or bulimia, but can also be caused by certain medical procedures, such as endoscopy. The tear generally occurs near the gastroesophageal junction or where the esophagus joins the stomach.
Symptoms of Mallory-Weiss syndrome include severe or ongoing bloody vomiting, blood in the stool, black or tarry stools, abdominal pain, nausea, and weakness. In some cases, the bleeding can be substantial and may require urgent medical intervention.
Treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome primarily focuses on managing the symptoms and stopping the bleeding. This may involve procedures like endoscopy, where a tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus to visualize and potentially repair the tear. Other treatment measures may include fluid and blood transfusions, medications to reduce acid production and promote healing, and in severe cases, surgery.
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if someone experiences symptoms suggestive of Mallory-Weiss syndrome, as it can lead to potentially serious complications such as severe bleeding, anemia, and shock if left untreated.
