Male breast neoplasms refer to the abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue of males, which can potentially develop into tumors or cancerous masses. Also known as male breast cancer, these neoplasms are relatively rare compared to breast cancers in females, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases.
Neoplasms are formed due to the unregulated proliferation of cells. In male breast neoplasms, the cells in the breast tissue multiply and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Risk factors for male breast neoplasms include older age, family history of breast cancer, genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA2 gene mutation), hormonal imbalances (such as high estrogen levels), liver disease (which can lead to higher estrogen levels), obesity, radiation exposure, and certain inherited conditions like Klinefelter syndrome.
Symptoms of male breast neoplasms may include a painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue, changes in the nipple or breast skin (such as nipple retraction, dimpling, or ulceration), nipple discharge (often blood-tinged), and enlargement of lymph nodes under the arm.
Diagnosis of male breast neoplasms typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests (such as mammograms or ultrasound), biopsy (removal of a small tissue sample for examination), and laboratory tests (to evaluate hormone levels and genetic mutations). Treatment options may include surgery (such as mastectomy or lumpectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and characteristics of the neoplasm. Regular breast self-examinations and awareness of potential
