Major affective disorder, also known as mood disorder, is a term used to describe a category of mental illnesses characterized by significant disturbances in mood, emotions, and energy levels. These disorders are chronic and recurrent, causing marked impairment in daily functioning and quality of life.
There are several types of major affective disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and difficulties in concentration and decision-making. On the other hand, bipolar disorder involves the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes along with depressive episodes. Manic episodes involve a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, while hypomanic episodes are less severe but cause noticeable changes in mood and behavior.
The exact causes of major affective disorders are not fully understood, but biological, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors are believed to interact in their development. Treatment options for major affective disorders may include medication, psychotherapy, and other psychosocial interventions. Medications such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers, as well as different forms of psychotherapy like cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, can be effective in alleviating symptoms and improving overall functioning.
It is essential to seek professional help if experiencing symptoms of major affective disorder, given the significant impact it can have on mental health and well-being.
