Maize streak virus is a plant pathogenic virus that affects maize crops, scientifically known as Zea mays. It is a member of the genus Mastrevirus and is transmitted by leafhoppers (specifically, Cicadulina species) in a persistent propagative manner. The virus is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, where it causes significant damage to maize crops, one of the most important staple food crops in the continent.
The symptoms of maize streak virus infection include chlorotic streaks or bands on the leaves, which may turn necrotic over time. The affected plants may exhibit stunting, reduced yield, and, in severe cases, complete crop failure. The virus can also infect other grasses, such as sorghum and millet, further posing a threat to food security in affected regions.
Maize streak virus is a single-stranded DNA virus with a circular genome that encodes several proteins involved in viral replication, movement, and host interactions. The virus replicates in the nucleus of plant cells and is thought to interfere with important cellular processes, leading to the observed symptoms.
Efforts to control maize streak virus primarily involve breeding and deploying resistant maize varieties, as the use of chemical control methods has proven largely ineffective. This involves identifying and utilizing maize germplasm that carries natural resistance against the virus, or developing genetically modified (GM) crops with increased resistance. Additionally, cultural practices such as leafhopper control and the use of virus-free seed sources can also contribute to the management of the disease.
