Mahu is a Polynesian word that can be spelled in various ways depending on the language and the region where it is used. In Hawaiian, it is spelled as "māhu" (mɑːhu), which refers to a person who identifies as having qualities of both male and female genders. In Tahitian, it is spelled as "mahū" (mahu), which means a man who dresses or behaves like a woman, but is not necessarily homosexual. The spelling of the word is therefore based on the phonetic transcription of the sound system of the respective language.
Mahu is a term originating from the native Hawaiian culture, specifically associated with the concept of gender within indigenous Hawaiian society. In its simplest definition, mahu refers to individuals who embody both feminine and masculine qualities, striking a balance between the genders. However, a more nuanced explanation reveals that mahu extends beyond a mere gender category and connotes a rich cultural and spiritual significance.
Mahu individuals are regarded as part of a distinct third gender realm in Hawaiian culture, which is celebrated and honored rather than stigmatized. They hold a revered place within the community and often fulfill special roles, such as healers, counselors, or mediators. Historically, mahu were recognized for their unique abilities to bridge divides and bring harmony to interpersonal relationships.
Moreover, mahu also function as keepers of traditional cultural knowledge and customs, embodying a deep connection with the spiritual world. Their identity intertwines with the concept of aloha, emphasizing love, compassion, and empathy. Mahu individuals are respected as gatekeepers of aloha and are entrusted with maintaining the harmony and balance within their communities.
As Hawaiian culture evolves and adapts to modern times, the understanding of mahu has expanded to include non-binary and gender non-conforming individuals who identify within this third-gender space. Mahu continues to carry great cultural and spiritual significance, representing a cherished part of the indigenous Hawaiian identity and a testament to the acceptance and celebration of diverse gender expressions within their community.
The word "mahu" is primarily used in the Polynesian languages, especially in the Hawaiian and Tahitian languages, where it refers to people who embody both masculine and feminine qualities or those who identify as transgender or non-binary.
The etymology of "mahu" can be traced back to the Proto-Polynesian language, where the reconstructed root word is "mafu", meaning "broken", "crippled", or "deficient". This root word emphasizes the idea of being in-between or having a multifaceted gender identity.
Over time, the word "mahu" evolved and took on different nuances in various Polynesian cultures. In Hawaii, for example, it became more specifically associated with those who don't conform to traditional gender roles. In Tahiti, it can also refer to individuals who exhibit qualities associated with magic or spirituality, in addition to their gender identity.