Macrura is a term used in zoology to refer to a group of marine crustaceans belonging to the order Decapoda. The word "Macrura" is derived from the Greek words "makros," meaning long, and "oura," meaning tail, which alludes to the characteristic elongated abdomen found in members of this order.
Macrura encompasses a diverse range of species, including lobsters, crayfish, and true shrimp. These crustaceans are typically larger in size compared to other decapods, often exceeding 10 centimeters in length. They possess a hard exoskeleton that protects their segmented body, as they lack an internal skeleton.
One of the distinctive features of Macrura is their well-developed claws, called chelipeds, which are used for capturing prey, self-defense, and communication. These appendages differ in structure and function, depending on the specific species and gender. Additionally, Macrura have five pairs of walking legs, two pairs of antennae, and compound eyes that provide them with excellent vision.
Macrura inhabit various aquatic environments, including oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. They are often found burrowed in sandy or muddy substrates, hiding among rocks and coral reefs, or swimming freely in open waters. Many species are commercially valuable and are harvested for food, contributing significantly to fisheries worldwide.
In summary, Macrura is an order of marine crustaceans characterized by their elongated tail, hard exoskeleton, well-developed claws, and diverse habitats. They play important ecological and economic roles and are integral components of marine ecosystems.
