M type pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) is an isoform of the enzyme pyruvate kinase, which plays a crucial role in glycolysis, the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into ATP, the primary energy source for the cells. M2-PK is specifically expressed in embryonic tissues and regenerating cells and is involved in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation.
As an essential regulatory enzyme, M2-PK catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ADP into pyruvate and ATP, providing energy for various cellular functions. It acts as a promoter of glycolysis in rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells, providing them with the necessary energy and building blocks for their proliferation. In addition, M2-PK is also involved in anabolic processes, channeling glycolytic intermediates towards biosynthetic pathways.
Studies have shown that abnormalities in M2-PK expression and activity are associated with various diseases, particularly cancer. Elevated M2-PK levels have been observed in many cancer types, making it a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Additionally, inhibiting M2-PK activity has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to interfere with cancer cell metabolism and hinder tumor growth.
Overall, M2-PK is a critical enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism and has significant implications in both physiological and pathological conditions, particularly cancer. Its study provides valuable insight into cell metabolism, cancer biology, and potential therapeutic interventions.
