M PHASE PROMOTING FACTOR Meaning and
Definition
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M Phase Promoting Factor (MPF) is a crucial regulatory protein complex that drives the cell cycle progression from the G2 phase to the M phase, also known as mitosis. MPF plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the events that lead to cell division and the formation of two daughter cells.
Composed of two main subunits, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B, MPF forms an active kinase complex that initiates mitosis by promoting the breakdown of the nuclear envelope and the condensation of chromosomes. The activation of MPF is tightly regulated to ensure proper timing and coordination of the cell cycle events.
The levels of cyclin B, which is synthesized continuously, rise gradually during the G2 phase and peak at the transition to the M phase. Upon reaching a specific concentration threshold, cyclin B binds to CDK1, resulting in the formation of the active MPF complex. This cyclin-CDK interaction leads to the phosphorylation of target proteins, causing a cascade of events that ultimately trigger cell division.
Once the M phase is initiated, MPF activity is subsequently downregulated through negative feedback mechanisms to allow the completion of mitosis and the transition back into interphase. This regulation is essential for maintaining genetic stability and preventing abnormal cell division.
The discovery and characterization of MPF have greatly contributed to our understanding of cell cycle control and its dysregulation in various diseases, including cancer. Studying MPF and its associated components is crucial for further elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms governing cell division and identifying potential therapeutic targets for diseases characterized by abnormal cell proliferation.
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