Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis-Lassa Complex Viruses is a group of viruses that cause a spectrum of diseases in humans. This complex includes two distinct viruses: Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) and Lassa Virus (LASV). These viruses belong to the Arenaviridae family, which is a group of RNA viruses.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) primarily infects rodents, such as mice and rats, but can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, their urine, or by inhalation of aerosolized particles. Human infections generally result from exposure to contaminated environments, such as homes, workplaces, or laboratories. LCMV infection in humans can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, muscle aches, nausea, and in severe cases, meningitis or encephalitis.
Lassa Virus (LASV) is primarily found in West Africa, where the reservoir host is a rodent called the multimammate rat. Human infections occur through contact with rodent excreta, consumption of contaminated food, or person-to-person transmission through bodily fluids. Lassa Fever, caused by LASV, is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat, cough, and in severe cases, hemorrhaging, organ failure, and shock. It can be a life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate.
Both LCMV and LASV are significant public health concerns due to their potential to cause outbreaks and the absence of specific antiviral treatments or vaccines for humans. Preventive measures, such as rodent control, safe handling of rodents in laboratories, and strict hygiene practices, are essential to minimize the risk of infection.
