Lymph node tuberculosis, also known as tuberculous lymphadenitis or scrofula, is a form of tuberculosis (TB) that specifically affects the lymph nodes. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs; however, it can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Lymph node tuberculosis occurs when the bacteria reach the lymph nodes, which are responsible for filtering harmful pathogens from the body's lymph fluid. The infection usually affects the lymph nodes in the neck region but can also involve nodes in the armpits, groin, or other areas.
The main symptoms of lymph node tuberculosis typically include the presence of painless, firm, and enlarged lymph nodes. These nodes may gradually increase in size, forming a visible lump beneath the skin. The infection can also lead to other symptoms such as low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss.
Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging techniques (such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans), laboratory tests (including microscopic examination of tissue samples and acid-fast staining to identify the bacteria), and microbiological culture.
Treatment generally consists of a prolonged course of anti-tuberculosis medications, usually a combination of several drugs. Surgical interventions may be necessary in certain cases, especially when there is little response to medication or when there is a risk of complications, such as abscess formation or compression of vital structures.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing lymph node tuberculosis and preventing its complications and spread. Close monitoring and follow-up by a healthcare professional are also necessary to ensure complete resolution of the infection.
