Lupercal refers to a symbolic and historical sanctuary located in ancient Rome. This term has its origins in Roman mythology and religion. The word "Lupercal" is derived from the Latin word "Lupus," meaning wolf, and "carere," meaning to purify or cleanse.
The primary significance of Lupercal rests in its association with the annual festival of Lupercalia, which was celebrated on February 15th. Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated to the Roman god Faunus and the Roman god of agriculture, Lupercus. According to legend, the festival commemorated the founding of Rome and also marked the arrival of spring.
The Lupercal sanctuary itself was believed to be situated on Palatine Hill, one of the Seven Hills of Rome, next to the cave known as the Lupercal Grotto. It was believed that this cave was the place where the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, were nursed and protected by a she-wolf.
During the Lupercalia festival, selected young men, known as Luperci, would run naked around Palatine Hill, wielding thongs made from the skins of sacrificed goats. These thongs, known as "februa," were used to lightly touch or strike women, as it was believed to confer fertility and ward off evil spirits.
In a broader sense, Lupercal can also refer to anything associated with Lupercalia or the ancient Roman festival, including its rituals, rites, and the ancient Luperci brotherhood. The term Lupercal has historical and cultural importance, serving as a reminder of Rome's ancient beliefs and traditions.
