A lung refers to a vital respiratory organ found in many vertebrates, primarily mammals, including humans. It is a pair of spongy, elastic organs located within the thoracic cavity on either side of the heart. Their primary function is gas exchange, allowing the body to acquire the necessary oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
The structure of a lung consists of various components, including bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The bronchi, which branch off from the trachea, serve as the main airways that lead to each lung. Bronchioles are smaller passageways that further divide into tiny air sacs called alveoli. These alveoli are responsible for the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs, where oxygen from inhaled air enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is eliminated.
Lungs possess a soft, spongy texture due to the millions of tiny air sacs present within them. Their flexibility allows them to expand and contract during the breathing process. Controlled by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, inhalation draws air into the lungs, while exhalation expels it. The lung's extensive surface area facilitates efficient gas exchange, optimizing the intake of oxygen vital for cellular respiration and the elimination of waste carbon dioxide.
In addition to their crucial role in respiration, lungs also serve as a protective barrier for other vital organs within the body. They are protected by the ribcage and are lined with a thin, moist membrane called the pleura, which reduces friction during breathing.
Overall, lungs play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's respiratory function, ensuring the continuous supply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide for optimal cellular respiration and overall bodily functionality.
