Lucian of Antioch, also known as Lucian the Martyr, was a Christian theologian, writer, and teacher who lived in the 3rd century AD. He was born in Samosata, a town in the Roman province of Syria, and later became a presbyter in the church of Antioch.
Lucian of Antioch is primarily known for his role in the development of biblical textual criticism, exegesis, and theology. He had a rational and critical approach towards biblical interpretations, which influenced later Christian scholars.
In terms of textual criticism, Lucian played a significant role by developing the famous Lucian Recension. It was a revision of the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, with a focus on accuracy and clarity. Although the original copies of the Lucian Recension have been lost, his influence can still be traced in various later manuscripts and translations.
Lucian's theological views were associated with the school of Antioch, which emphasized a literal interpretation of the Scriptures and a rational understanding of theological concepts. He rejected allegorical interpretations and favored a more historical and contextual analysis of biblical texts. Lucian's teachings influenced several prominent theologians and writers, including John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia.
In addition to his contributions to biblical studies, Lucian of Antioch also defended orthodox Christian doctrines and faced persecution during the Roman Empire's period of intense Christian persecution. He was ultimately martyred for his faith, making him a significant figure in early Christian history.
