Lower nephron nephrosis, also known as acute tubular necrosis (ATN), is a medical condition characterized by damage to the renal tubules in the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients.
This condition occurs when the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering waste material from the blood and producing urine, undergo necrosis or cell death. The damage can be caused by a variety of factors, including but not limited to hypotension (low blood pressure), ischemia (lack of blood supply), nephrotoxic drugs or chemicals, and certain infections.
Lower nephron nephrosis can manifest with symptoms such as decreased urine output, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and accumulation of waste products in the blood, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to the need for dialysis or even kidney transplantation.
The diagnosis of lower nephron nephrosis is typically made based on clinical presentation, laboratory tests (including urine and blood analysis), and medical imaging such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, improving renal perfusion, and supportive care to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
In summary, lower nephron nephrosis is a condition involving the damage and dysfunction of the renal tubules in the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications and promote renal recovery.
