The lower gastrointestinal series, also known as a barium enema, is a diagnostic medical procedure used to visualize and evaluate the lower gastrointestinal tract. It involves the administration of a contrast medium, typically barium sulfate, which is a white, chalky substance that outlines the intestines on X-ray images.
During a lower gastrointestinal series, the patient is positioned on an X-ray table, and a thin tube is inserted into the rectum. Barium sulfate is then slowly injected through the tube, filling the rectum and colon. This allows for better visualization of the large intestine on X-ray images. As the barium flows through the intestines, X-rays are taken at various angles to create a series of images. This procedure helps to identify abnormalities such as polyps, diverticula, strictures, tumors, or inflammation in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
The lower gastrointestinal series is often used to diagnose conditions such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, or diverticulosis. It can also be helpful in determining the cause of symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss.
Although generally considered safe, the procedure can be uncomfortable for some patients. It may cause temporary bloating, cramping, or a feeling of fullness. It should be avoided in individuals with known allergies to barium, as well as those who have recently undergone colon surgery or have a suspected bowel perforation. Risks associated with the procedure are rare but may include infection, bowel perforation, or an allergic reaction to the contrast medium.
