Low molecular weight kininogens are proteins found in the human body that play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes. They are a class of abundant plasma proteins, referred to as glycoproteins, which have diverse functions within the body.
Low molecular weight kininogens are primarily known for their involvement in the activation of the kallikrein-kinin system, which is an interlinked network of proteins that regulate inflammation, blood pressure, and blood coagulation. These proteins contain a specific amino acid sequence that can be cleaved by enzymes like kallikreins, leading to the release of kinins.
One of the main functions of low molecular weight kininogens is to serve as precursors to bradykinin, a potent vasodilator and mediator of pain and inflammation. Upon activation, kininogens release bradykinin, which promotes vasodilation and increases vascular permeability, contributing to the inflammatory response.
Additionally, low molecular weight kininogens also participate in blood coagulation by interacting with other clotting factors. They assist in the formation of blood clots, preventing excessive bleeding and promoting wound healing.
Furthermore, these kininogens have been associated with several diseases and conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney disorders. Their dysregulation or abnormalities can disrupt the balance of the kallikrein-kinin system, leading to various pathological conditions.
In summary, low molecular weight kininogens are essential proteins that modulate inflammation, blood pressure, and coagulation within the human body. Their role in the kallikrein-kinin system highlights their significance in maintaining homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases.
