Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) are a type of lipoprotein found in the bloodstream that transports cholesterol from the liver to various tissues in the body. They are often referred to as "bad" cholesterol due to their role in contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
LDL particles are composed of a core of lipids, mainly cholesterol and triglycerides, surrounded by a shell of proteins, phospholipids, and a small amount of free cholesterol. Their density is low compared to other lipoproteins, giving rise to their name.
When LDL levels are too high in the bloodstream, it can lead to the formation of fatty deposits in arterial walls, a process known as atherosclerosis. Over time, these deposits can narrow and harden the arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes.
Monitoring and managing LDL cholesterol levels is crucial in maintaining cardiovascular health. High LDL levels are often attributed to factors such as genetics, diet, physical activity, and underlying medical conditions. Lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and medication prescribed by healthcare professionals, may be recommended to lower LDL levels and reduce the risks associated with atherosclerosis. Efforts to raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, the "good" cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from the body, are also beneficial in maintaining a healthy balance of lipoproteins.
