Low cardiac output is a medical term used to describe a condition in which the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic demands. It refers to a reduction in the volume of blood that is ejected by the heart per minute, known as the cardiac output. This can occur due to various factors, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, or certain cardiac arrhythmias.
A decreased cardiac output can lead to a range of symptoms and complications, including fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, and even organ dysfunction or failure. It is commonly measured in liters per minute (L/min) and can be calculated by multiplying the heart rate (number of heartbeats per minute) by the stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected by each heartbeat).
Low cardiac output is typically diagnosed through physical examination, medical history, and various tests, such as echocardiography, electrocardiography, or cardiac catheterization. Treatment for low cardiac output focuses on addressing the underlying cause while also improving cardiac function and circulation. This may involve lifestyle modifications, medications (such as beta-blockers or diuretics), or, in severe cases, surgical interventions like coronary artery bypass grafting or heart transplantation.
Prompt diagnosis and management of low cardiac output are crucial to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Close monitoring by healthcare professionals and adherence to prescribed treatment plans are essential to optimizing cardiac function and restoring normal blood flow throughout the body.
