LOBOTOMIES Meaning and
Definition
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Lobotomies are surgical procedures that involve cutting or removing certain connections in the brain, specifically the prefrontal cortex, to treat various mental disorders. Developed in the 1930s, lobotomies were initially seen as breakthrough treatments for conditions such as schizophrenia, severe depression, and anxiety disorders. The procedure entails accessing the brain through the skull and disrupting the neural pathways between the prefrontal cortex and other areas, essentially severing these connections.
However, while lobotomies were considered effective treatments at the time, they carried numerous risks and side effects. Patients who underwent lobotomies often experienced personality changes, emotional blunting, decreased motivation, and cognitive impairments. Additionally, post-surgery, some individuals became more dependent on others for their daily care due to a loss of certain cognitive and executive functions. These long-lasting consequences and the lack of precise control over the procedure eventually led to a decline in the popularity of lobotomies in the 1950s with the development of more targeted medications and therapies.
Lobotomies are now considered an outdated and controversial medical practice due to the irreversible nature of the procedure and the associated risks. Ethical concerns have been raised regarding the use of such invasive techniques for psychiatric conditions, particularly as alternatives with fewer side effects have become available. Nonetheless, the history of lobotomies remains significant, serving as a reminder of the changing approaches to mental health treatments and the importance of critical evaluation when considering medical interventions.
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Etymology of LOBOTOMIES
The word "lobotomies" is derived from the Greek word "lobos" (meaning lobe) and the suffix "-tomy" (meaning cutting). "Lobos" refers to the frontal lobes of the brain, which are the primary target of the procedure known as lobotomy. The suffix "-tomy" is commonly used in medical terminology to describe a surgical procedure involving cutting or incision. Therefore, "lobotomies" essentially translates to "cutting of the lobes", referring to the surgical removal or severing of certain neural connections in the frontal lobes.
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