Lipidaemia, also known as hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the levels of lipids, specifically cholesterol and/or triglycerides, in the bloodstream. It is often considered a metabolic disorder related to disturbances in lipid metabolism.
When the concentration of lipids in the blood exceeds the normal limits, it can lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits or plaques on the inner walls of blood vessels, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Lipidaemia is frequently associated with other underlying health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. These conditions often contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.
The primary causes of lipidaemia are multifactorial, involving genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Genetic predisposition and certain medical conditions, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, can result in elevated lipid levels. Additionally, unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as consuming a diet rich in saturated fats, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress, can significantly impact lipid metabolism and increase the risk of lipidaemia.
Treatment for lipidaemia usually involves lifestyle modifications, including adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats, engaging in regular physical exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. In some cases, when lifestyle changes alone are not enough, medication such as statins, fibrates, niacin, or cholesterol absorption inhibitors may be prescribed to help control lipid levels.
Regular monitoring and management of lipidaemia are essential to prevent or manage the associated complications and improve overall cardiovascular health.
