LINING OUT Meaning and
Definition
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Lining out, also known as lining, is a musical practice primarily associated with African American and African diaspora religious traditions, particularly in the Southern United States. It refers to the act of leading congregational singing by means of a soloist or a small group of singers, with the rest of the congregation following and responding to their lead.
In lining out, the leader sings a line of a hymn or spiritual melody, often with distinctive melodies and ornamental embellishments, which the congregation then repeats. This call-and-response pattern is repeated for each line of the song, giving the practice its name. Lining out serves as a means of communication, creating an intimate connection between the leader, the congregation, and the spiritual message being conveyed through the music.
This musical practice has deep historical roots, dating back to the era of enslaved African Americans and their adaptation of European hymnody to their own cultural contexts. It has been used as a way to overcome literacy barriers within congregations, ensuring that everyone can participate in a shared musical worship experience, regardless of their ability to read or interpret written musical notation.
Lining out is not only a musical technique but also a rich cultural tradition, embodying a sense of community, spirituality, and cultural identity. Through its distinct vocal style and interactive nature, lining out has played a significant role in shaping the development of African American musical traditions and their influence on American music as a whole.
Common Misspellings for LINING OUT
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Etymology of LINING OUT
The term "lining out" has its origins in the field of religious music and hymnody in the United States, particularly in the African American religious traditions. It refers to a particular style of singing in which a song leader or preacher "lines out" the lyrics of a hymn, and the congregation responds by singing those lines. This practice developed in the 18th century as a means of facilitating congregational singing among those who were illiterate or unfamiliar with written music.
The etymology of the term "lining out" is not entirely clear, but it likely comes from the use of a "line" or "leader" who would guide the congregation in singing. The practice was also known as "folk lining", emphasizing its informal and communal nature. Over time, "lining out" became more widely recognized as a method in various religious contexts, including white, black, and mixed-race churches.
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