Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. It is characterized by the development of flat-topped, polygonal, purplish, itchy papules or patches on the affected areas. Lichen planus can affect any part of the body, including the mouth, genitals, scalp, and nails.
The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response. It is not an infectious disease and cannot be transmitted from person to person. Some factors that may contribute to the development of lichen planus include certain medications, viral infections, stress, and genetic predisposition.
The symptoms of lichen planus can vary depending on the affected area but commonly include itchy, shiny, flat, purplish bumps or patches. In the mouth, it can cause painful ulcers or erosions. The nails may become thin, pitted, or ridged. In severe cases, scarring or skin discoloration may occur.
While there is no cure for lichen planus, treatment aims to relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation. Topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, and oral medications may be prescribed to manage itching and inflammation. In severe cases, systemic medications and phototherapy may be necessary.
It is important for individuals with lichen planus to maintain good oral hygiene, avoid irritants or triggers, and seek medical attention for any complications or worsening of symptoms. Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist or healthcare provider are recommended to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
