Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. It is the third most common cause of dementia, after Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. LBD progressively impairs cognitive functions such as memory, thinking, and reasoning, as well as affecting behavior, mood, and movement.
Symptoms of LBD can vary among individuals but often include visual hallucinations, fluctuating attention and alertness, and parkinsonism (movement problems similar to Parkinson's disease) such as stiffness, tremors, and balance issues. Other common symptoms may involve problems with sleep regulation, autonomic dysfunction (affecting blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion), as well as depression and anxiety.
LBD typically affects older adults, usually appearing after the age of 60. It is considered a form of alpha-synucleinopathy, which means that the accumulation of abnormal alpha-synuclein protein in brain cells is a key pathological feature. The exact cause of LBD is still unknown, and currently, there is no cure for the disease. Treatment aims to manage symptoms and may involve a combination of medications to alleviate cognitive and movement-related issues.
Diagnosis of LBD can be challenging due to its overlapping symptoms with other dementias and movement disorders. It often requires a comprehensive evaluation, including detailed medical history, physical examination, neurological tests, imaging studies, and sometimes specialized tests such as a dopamine transporter scan. A multidisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals is crucial to providing appropriate care and support for individuals with Lewy Body Dementia.
