Leukocyte counts refer to the measurement or enumeration of the total number of leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs), in a given volume of blood. Leukocytes are a crucial component of the immune system and are responsible for defending the body against various infections, foreign substances, and abnormal cells.
Typically expressed as the number of leukocytes per microliter (µL) or milliliter (mL) of blood, leukocyte counts are essential in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, including infections, inflammatory diseases, and blood disorders. They serve as a valuable indicator of the body's immune response to an infection or disease and can help healthcare professionals assess the severity of the condition.
The normal range for leukocyte counts varies depending on age, sex, and overall health. In general, the reference range for adults is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 leukocytes per µL of blood. Elevated leukocyte counts, known as leukocytosis, may indicate an infection, inflammation, or a response to tissue damage. Conversely, decreased leukocyte counts, called leukopenia, are commonly associated with certain viral infections, bone marrow disorders, radiation therapy, or immune system deficiencies.
Leukocyte counts are usually determined through a blood test known as a complete blood count (CBC). This test provides a detailed breakdown of different types of leukocytes, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. The results of leukocyte counts, along with other clinical findings, aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various medical conditions.
