Leukemia is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal production and proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow. It is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of immature or abnormal white blood cells, which impairs the body's ability to fight infections. The excess white blood cells hinder the production of healthy blood cells, including red blood cells that carry oxygen and platelets that aid in blood clotting, thus causing various health problems.
Leukemia can be classified into several subtypes based on the type of white blood cells involved and the rate of disease progression. The main types include acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Signs and symptoms of leukemia may include fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, bruising or bleeding easily, and swollen lymph nodes.
The exact cause of leukemia is often unknown, but risk factors such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, genetic abnormalities, smoking, and family history of leukemia can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. Treatment options for leukemia depend on various factors, including the type and stage of the disease, and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immune-therapy, or stem cell transplantation.
Leukemia requires ongoing monitoring and treatment, and advancements in medical research have led to improved outcomes for many individuals diagnosed with the condition. Regular follow-up care and support are crucial to managing the physical and emotional aspects of the disease.
