Lethal midline granulomas, also known as lethal midline granulomatous disease or polymorphic reticulosis, is a rare and often aggressive disorder that primarily affects the nose, sinuses, and upper respiratory tract. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are collections of immune cells, in the midline facial tissues.
In this condition, the immune system appears to overreact, leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. The exact cause of lethal midline granulomas is not well understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.
Common symptoms of lethal midline granulomas include nasal obstruction, progressive destruction of the facial tissues, recurrent infections, and persistent bloody discharge from the nose. The disease can also spread to other regions such as the skin, eyes, and central nervous system.
Treatment for lethal midline granulomas typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and immunosuppressive medications. However, despite aggressive treatment, this condition has a poor prognosis, and long-term survival rates are low.
Due to the rarity and complexity of lethal midline granulomas, it is important for patients to receive specialized care from a team of medical professionals experienced in managing this condition. Ongoing research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop more effective treatment options for this life-threatening disorder.
