Lentinan is a polysaccharide that is extracted from the fruiting body of the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). It is classified as a beta-glucan, a type of complex carbohydrate composed of glucose molecules linked together. Lentinan has gained significant attention due to its potential health benefits and medicinal properties.
In terms of its biological activities, lentinan has been recognized for its immunomodulatory effects. It is known to enhance the immune system's response by stimulating the production and activity of certain immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. This immunostimulatory activity is thought to contribute to lentinan's potential as a complementary therapy for various conditions, including cancer, infections, and certain immune-related disorders.
Additionally, lentinan exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines. It also demonstrates antioxidant activity, helping to scavenge harmful free radicals and protect cellular health.
The use of lentinan as a therapeutic agent is primarily associated with traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. It has been administered intravenously, orally, or intratumorally to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, with the aim of reducing side effects, boosting the immune system, and potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Although lentinan shows promise in preclinical and clinical studies, further research is still necessary to fully understand its mechanisms of action, evaluate its safety profile, and establish its optimal uses in various medical applications.
