Lentigines, also known as liver spots or age spots, are small pigmentations or hyperpigmented spots that appear on the skin. These spots commonly occur due to the natural aging process, particularly in areas that are frequently exposed to the sun. The word "lentigo" is derived from the Latin term for freckle, and lentigines are essentially larger and darker versions of freckles.
Lentigines are typically flat, small in size, and can vary in color from tan, brown, or black. They usually appear on areas of the body that receive significant sun exposure such as the face, arms, hands, and shoulders. Although lentigines are generally harmless, their appearance can be bothersome for cosmetic reasons.
The development of lentigines is primarily attributed to the overproduction of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. Long-term exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays increases the production of melanin, causing the formation of these spots. Other factors, such as genetics and hormonal changes, may also contribute to the development of lentigines.
Prevention of lentigines involves sun protection measures such as using sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF), wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure. Treatment options for lentigines include topical medications, laser therapy, chemical peels, cryotherapy, and intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, aiming to lighten or remove the spots.
In summary, lentigines are small, pigmented spots that occur on the skin as a result of prolonged sun exposure and the overproduction of melanin. Although generally harmless, people may seek cosmetic treatments to reduce or remove their appearance.
