LDH stands for Lactate Dehydrogenase. It is an enzyme found in almost all body tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, and red blood cells. LDH plays a crucial role in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate and vice versa, contributing to the production and utilization of energy in cells.
The LDH enzyme consists of four subunits, which can combine in different ways to form five different isoenzymes: LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4, and LDH-5. These isoenzymes are distributed differently in various tissues, and their relative amounts can be used as diagnostic markers for certain diseases. For example, increased levels of LDH-1 and LDH-2 are associated with heart and blood vessel disorders, while elevated levels of LDH-4 and LDH-5 may indicate muscle damage or liver disease.
LDH is commonly measured in blood tests to help diagnose and monitor a range of conditions, including heart attacks, liver diseases, anemia, certain cancers, and muscular dystrophy. The LDH test is often performed as part of a comprehensive metabolic panel or liver function panel. Increased levels of LDH in the blood can indicate tissue damage or inflammation, although further testing is usually required to identify the underlying cause.
In summary, LDH is an enzyme found in various tissues that aids in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, contributing to energy production. Its different isoenzymes have diagnostic value for specific diseases, and measuring LDH levels in the blood can provide important clinical information.
