LAWRENCE KOHLBERG Meaning and
Definition
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Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist known for his groundbreaking work on moral development. Born in 1927 and active until his death in 1987, Kohlberg’s theories revolutionized the field of psychology, particularly in the study of moral reasoning and ethical decision-making.
Kohlberg proposed a stage theory of moral development, suggesting that individuals progress through a series of distinct stages as they develop their moral reasoning abilities. According to his theory, moral development occurs in three main levels, each with two stages, resulting in a total of six stages. These stages are often referred to as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality.
In the pre-conventional stage, individuals behave according to external consequences and focus on avoiding punishment or seeking rewards. The conventional stage is characterized by conformity to social norms and expectations, emphasizing being a good member of society. Finally, the post-conventional stage represents higher levels of moral reasoning, where individuals go beyond societal norms and consider universal ethical principles and rights.
Kohlberg’s research was heavily influenced by the work of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and expanded upon Piaget’s cognitive development theory. Kohlberg’s theory has been widely used in disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and education to understand moral reasoning, ethical decision-making, and to inform moral education programs.
While Kohlberg’s theory has faced criticism for being culturally biased and gender exclusive, it remains highly influential in the understanding of moral development and continues to shape research and practice in the field of psychology.
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Etymology of LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
The name "Lawrence Kohlberg" does not have a distinct etymology as it consists of two separate elements - "Lawrence" and "Kohlberg".
1. Lawrence: The name "Lawrence" is of Latin origin and has its roots in the Roman name "Laurentius". It is derived from the Latin word "laurentum", which means "laurel tree" or "crowned with laurels". The laurel tree was considered a symbol of honor and victory in ancient Rome.
2. Kohlberg: "Kohlberg" is a German surname, and its etymology suggests that it is a combination of two elements.
- "Kohl" is a German word that means "cabbage". It could have been a surname derived from someone's occupation, such as a cabbage farmer or seller.
- The second element, "berg", means "mountain" in German.
