Lateral sinus thromboses refer to a medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots within the lateral sinuses of the brain. The lateral sinuses are large veins located on either side of the skull, within the dura mater, the protective covering of the brain. Thromboses occur when these sinuses become partially or completely blocked by a blood clot, impeding the normal flow of blood and potentially leading to a range of complications.
Blood clots can form in the lateral sinuses due to various factors, including infection, injury, or underlying medical conditions that promote blood coagulation. Common causes include middle ear infections, mastoiditis (infection of the mastoid bone), or sinusitis. Lateral sinus thromboses typically result in a disruption of the brain's venous drainage system, leading to increased intracranial pressure, which may cause symptoms such as severe headache, vomiting, seizure, and altered mental state.
Diagnosis of lateral sinus thromboses usually involves a physical examination, medical history assessment, and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment typically involves managing the underlying condition that caused the thrombosis, and using anticoagulant medications to prevent the clot from enlarging and causing further complications. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the clot or improve blood flow.
Lateral sinus thromboses can have serious complications if left untreated, including brain abscesses, meningitis, or even death. Early detection and prompt medical intervention are crucial for a successful outcome.
