Laryngeal granuloma is a medical condition characterized by the formation of small, soft growths or lesions on the larynx, specifically on the mucous membrane lining of the vocal cords, vocal folds, or nearby areas. These granulomas often appear as round or oval-shaped nodules and are typically the result of chronic irritation, inflammation, or trauma to the larynx.
The primary causes of laryngeal granuloma include vocal cord injury or misuse, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), intubation procedures, vocal cord surgery, or the presence of a breathing tube. In some cases, it may also be associated with autoimmune diseases or chronic bacterial infections.
The symptoms of laryngeal granuloma can vary depending on the size and location of the lesions. Common signs include hoarseness or changes in voice quality, difficulty or discomfort while speaking or swallowing, persistent cough, throat pain or discomfort, and occasional bleeding. These symptoms may be exacerbated by vocal overuse or forced speaking.
Diagnosis of laryngeal granuloma typically involves a thorough examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope or endoscope, which allows the healthcare provider to visualize the granulomas. Additional tests, such as biopsy or imaging, may also be employed to determine the underlying cause or to exclude more serious conditions.
Treatment options for laryngeal granuloma depend on the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause. In many cases, conservative measures like vocal rest, voice therapy, and avoiding irritants can help resolve the granulomas. However, if the granulomas do not respond to conservative treatment, surgical intervention or medical therapy may be required to remove or shrink the growths and address the primary cause.
