Laboratory markers, also known as laboratory biomarkers or simply markers, refer to measurable substances or indicators found in biological samples that provide information about the presence, activity, or progression of a disease or condition. These markers are commonly used in clinical laboratories to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of various diseases.
Laboratories utilize a wide range of techniques and technologies to identify and measure specific markers. Such techniques may include immunoassays, genetic testing, molecular analysis, spectroscopy, or other specialized analytical methods. Examples of laboratory markers include proteins, enzymes, hormones, genetic material (DNA or RNA), electrolytes, metabolites, or specific cells.
Laboratory markers are crucial tools in medical research and clinical practice, as they provide valuable insights into an individual's health or disease state. By analyzing these markers, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions regarding treatment plans, disease prognosis, and patient monitoring.
Laboratory markers have numerous applications across different fields of medicine, including cardiology, oncology, endocrinology, infectious diseases, and immunology. For instance, cardiac biomarkers like troponin or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of heart diseases, while prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used as a marker for prostate cancer.
Overall, laboratory markers play a vital role in modern medical practice, enabling healthcare professionals to detect, diagnose, and manage diseases more effectively by providing objective and measurable information about an individual's health status.
