Laboratory animal models refer to living organisms, usually non-human animals, that are used for scientific research and experimentation in controlled laboratory settings. These models are specifically bred or selected to mimic certain characteristics, behaviors, or diseases found in humans. They play a crucial role in advancing medical and scientific knowledge, enabling researchers to study biological processes, test hypotheses, and develop and evaluate potential treatments.
Laboratory animal models are carefully chosen based on their biological similarity to humans in areas such as anatomy, physiology, genetics, and behavior. Commonly used animals include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and non-human primates. These animals are subjected to various experimental procedures, interventions, and treatments, aiming to gain insights into human diseases and conditions and to find ways to prevent or treat them.
Researchers are able to manipulate laboratory animal models by controlling variables such as diet, genetics, environmental factors, and exposure to drugs or chemicals. By doing so, they can study the effects of these manipulations on the animals' health, behavior, and disease progression. In turn, this information can contribute to a better understanding of human diseases and help improve the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventive strategies.
While laboratory animal models have unquestionably made significant contributions to scientific advancements, there are ethical considerations surrounding their use. It is crucial to ensure that animals' welfare is respected, that their use in research is justified, and that alternative methods are explored whenever possible to minimize their use.
