Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as monkey fever, is a tick-borne viral illness that primarily affects monkeys and humans. It was first identified in the Kyasanur Forest region of Karnataka, India, in 1957. The virus responsible for KFD is a member of the Flaviviridae family, specifically belonging to the genus Flavivirus.
KFD is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, usually the Haemaphysalis spinigera species. The disease cycles between ticks and monkeys, with humans acting as accidental hosts. The virus causes a wide range of symptoms, including high fever, headache, muscle pain, bleeding abnormalities, and gastrointestinal disturbances. In severe cases, it can lead to neurological complications like encephalitis, which may be fatal.
The geographic distribution of KFD extends beyond Kyasanur Forest, and cases have been reported in various parts of southern India. It is considered an emerging infectious disease, with periodic outbreaks occurring among people who live or work in forested areas and come into contact with infected ticks or monkey blood, tissues, or secretions.
Preventing Kyasanur Forest Disease primarily involves avoiding exposure to infected ticks by wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and regularly checking for ticks after potential exposure. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment available for KFD, but supportive care can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
Efforts to control KFD involve surveillance of tick populations, vaccination of at-risk populations, and public awareness campaigns to promote preventive measures.
