KUNQU Meaning and
Definition
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Kunqu is a traditional form of Chinese opera that originated in the 16th century during the Ming Dynasty. It is considered one of the oldest surviving forms of Chinese opera and is known for its refined and elegant style. The word "kunqu" literally means "songs of Kunshan," which refers to the city in Jiangsu Province where this form of opera was popularized.
Kunqu combines elements of singing, acting, dialogues, and dancing to portray narratives from historical events, classical Chinese literature, and folk tales. It is characterized by its poetic language, melodic singing, graceful movements, and sophisticated stagecraft. The key feature of kunqu is its use of "kunqu melody," a unique musical style that utilizes high-pitched singing accompanied by instruments such as bamboo flutes, stringed instruments, and percussion.
Kunqu performances are known for their emphasis on subtlety, refinement, and understated emotions. The actors employ a wide range of vocal techniques, including falsetto, to convey different moods and expressions. The intricate gestures and stylized movements used in kunqu are based on traditional Chinese aesthetics and embody the principles of balance, elegance, and harmony.
Throughout its history, kunqu has played a significant role in the development of Chinese theatrical arts. It has influenced other regional opera forms and has been recognized as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Today, kunqu continues to be performed and appreciated by enthusiasts both in China and around the world, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of Chinese performing arts.
Etymology of KUNQU
The word "kunqu" is derived from two Chinese characters: "kun" (崑) and "qu" (曲). Here is the etymology of each character:
1. "Kun" (崑): The character "kun" refers to Mount Kunlun, which is a mythical mountain in Chinese legends. Kunlun is considered to be the abode of gods and immortals in Chinese mythology. It is associated with beautiful scenery, divine beings, and celestial palaces. The character "kun" was chosen to symbolize the elegance and immortality of Kunqu opera, highlighting its status as an iconic art form.
2. "Qu" (曲): The character "qu" means "singing" or "melody" in Chinese. It is often used to represent a type of traditional Chinese musical performance.
