Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is a member of the Herpesviridae family. This virus is classified as a human viral pathogen and is linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a rare cancer that primarily affects the skin, oral cavity, and lymph nodes.
KSHV is a large, enveloped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome. It belongs to the gamma-herpesvirus subfamily, which also includes Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Like other herpesviruses, KSHV establishes a lifelong latent infection in its host, which means it can exist within the host without causing obvious symptoms. However, under certain conditions, such as immunosuppression or other unknown factors, the virus can reactivate and lead to the development of KS in susceptible individuals.
The transmission of KSHV is not fully understood, but it is believed to occur through close contact with infected individuals, particularly through saliva. KSHV infections are more common in certain regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean, and Eastern Europe, as well as among specific populations, such as men who have sex with men and individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.
Understanding the biology of KSHV and the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis is crucial for the development of prevention strategies, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic interventions for both KSHV-associated diseases and other related diseases. Ongoing research aims to uncover the intricate interactions between the virus and the host immune system, as well as identify potential targets for antiviral therapies.
