Pronunciation: [kˌe͡ɪpˌiːsˈiː] (IPA) 
The acronym KPC is typically spelled out using its individual letters, as opposed to being pronounced as a word. In terms of it's spelling, KPC is broken down into three distinct sounds: /keɪ/ (the "K" sound), /pi/ (the "P" sound), and /si/ (the "C" sound). When said together, these sounds create the distinct pronunciation of "KPC." This spelling is commonly used within a variety of contexts, including healthcare, technology, and more.
KPC, which stands for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, is a type of bacterial enzyme that plays a significant role in bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics. It is produced by a specific strain of the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, a Gram-negative bacteria commonly found in the human digestive system as a harmless commensal organism. However, certain strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause various infections in the lungs, bloodstream, and urinary tract.
The production of KPC enzymes by these bacteria renders them highly resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, which are typically considered the last-resort treatment option for bacterial infections. This resistance occurs through the enzymatic degradation of the antibiotics by KPC, preventing them from exerting their therapeutic effect. Consequently, infections caused by KPC-producing bacteria pose a significant challenge in clinical settings, as they limit treatment options and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.
KPC enzymes belong to the carbapenemase class A (CpA) β-lactamases, which are produced by various enterobacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. These enzymes are encoded by genes located on mobile genetic elements called plasmids, allowing for their rapid spread among different bacterial strains and species. The ease of horizontal gene transfer contributes to the global dissemination of KPC-producing bacteria and further complicates infection control and prevention measures.
Given the serious implications of KPC-mediated antibiotic resistance, accurate and timely detection of KPC-producing bacteria is crucial for effective clinical management. Various laboratory methods, including molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping, are employed to identify the presence of KPC genes and aid in the surveillance and control of this growing public health concern.
