The word "kowtow" is spelled with two syllables marked by the IPA phonetic transcription as /ˌkaʊˈtaʊz/. The first syllable is represented by the vowel sound /aʊ/ followed by the consonant cluster /k/. The second syllable features the vowel sound /aʊ/ again, followed by the consonant cluster /t/ and the voiced sibilant /z/. In its verb form, "kowtows" is spelled with an added consonant represented by the letter "s" after the final "w".
Kowtow is a verb that originates from the Chinese language, specifically the Mandarin term kòutóu (磕头). The literal meaning of kowtow in Chinese is "knock head," and it refers to the act of touching one's forehead to the ground in a gesture of deep respect or submission. In a broader sense, when someone kowtows, it means they are demonstrating excessive or exaggerated deference towards another person or authority figure.
Figuratively, kowtow signifies extreme subservience, groveling, or obsequious behavior towards someone of higher rank, power, or authority. It implies the complete abandonment of personal dignity and integrity to appease or gain favor from the recipient of the kowtowing. Kowtowing often involves bowing low, kneeling, and even crawling on one's hands and knees, exemplifying a total surrender of individual autonomy.
The term "kowtow" has transcended its cultural origins and is now commonly used in English to describe someone who is excessively deferential, servile, or sycophantic. It can also refer to an action that is seen as excessively fawning or submissive.
Overall, kowtow signifies a profound level of respect, submission, or subservience towards a higher authority. Its usage has expanded to encompass not only the physical act of prostration but also a metaphorical concept of consistently yielding to the wishes or demands of another individual or group.
The word "kowtow" is derived from the Mandarin Chinese term "kòutóu" (磕头), which consists of two characters: "kòu" (磕) meaning "knock" or "bump" and "tóu" (头) meaning "head". In Chinese culture, the act of kowtowing involves touching one's forehead to the ground as a sign of deep respect, submission, or supplication. The word "kowtow" was first introduced to the English language in the early 19th century through interactions and cultural exchanges with China. Over time, it has come to be used metaphorically to describe excessive or exaggerated deference.