The word "kowtow to" is spelled as koʊ-taʊ tu. The pronunciation of this word is given as kow-tow, which means to show excessive respect or to flatter someone in a subservient manner. The reason behind spelling it as "kowtow" is because it is derived from the Chinese word "kòu tóu" which means "to knock the head". The literal meaning of this Chinese phrase is to bow in respect, and it perfectly captures the essence of the English word "kowtow."
Kowtow to is a phrasal verb which is generally used to describe a person's excessive or submissive act of showing respect, deference, or obedience towards someone else, typically a figure of authority. The term originated from the Chinese "koutou," which refers to the act of bowing one's head and touching the ground with the forehead as a gesture of deep respect or submission.
In a figurative sense, when someone is said to "kowtow to" another person or group, it implies that they are displaying unwarranted subservience or overly deferential behavior towards them, often in an effort to gain favor, avoid punishment, or meet their demands. This could involve compromising one's own principles, curtailing personal freedom or autonomy, or even going against one's own beliefs or values for the sake of appeasing or showing allegiance to the other party.
The act of kowtowing signifies a significant power imbalance, showcasing a dominant party and a subordinate party. It is widely understood that kowtowing is a form of extreme submission that goes beyond normal courtesy and respect. This phrase may be used to criticize individuals or groups who are seen as compromising their integrity, independence, or dignity by excessively yielding to the will or demands of those in authority. The term "kowtow to" emphasizes a sense of subservience, suggesting that the individual or group is sacrificing their own interests or principles for the benefit or approval of another.
The term "kowtow" originated from Chinese culture. It is derived from the Mandarin word "kòutóu" (磕頭), which is a compound of "kē" (磕) meaning "to knock" or "to strike", and "tóu" (頭) meaning "head". In Chinese, "kòutóu" refers to the act of touching one's forehead to the ground as an expression of deep respect, submission, or worship towards someone of higher social status, such as an emperor, an elder, or a superior.
The term was introduced to English-speaking countries in the early 19th century by Western travelers and missionaries who observed this practice during their encounters with Chinese society. Over time, it became figurative and extended to mean excessively or servilely deferential behavior towards someone in a position of power or authority.